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Identifying the Most Sustainable Expansive Soil Stabilization Strategy Using Life Cycle Assessment
Linked Sessions:
Main Presenter: Suleiman ABU YOSEF
Co-Authors: Tarek ZAYED
Expansive soils undergo swelling when wet and shrinkage when dry, which can compromise serviceability and stability of infrastructure. These problems are commonly addressed through soil stabilization, most often by either excavating and replacing the expansive soil or treating it with cement. In practice, the selection is frequently driven by cost, while the environmental implications receive less attention. The objective of this study is to identify the most sustainable stabilization strategy for expansive soils, using life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare alternatives that deliver equivalent geotechnical performance. This work is relevant to life cycle innovation because it links a clear engineering performance target (free swell control) to life-cycle environmental impacts, enabling sustainability-driven decision-making in ground improvement and supporting the adoption of lower-impact material pathways. The alternatives assessed include: (i) soil replacement with imported suitable
material, (ii) cement stabilization, and (iii) a blended stabilization method based on fly ash (FA) (industrial by-product) and zeolite (natural mineral), with dosages calibrated to achieve the same target performance. The functional unit is defined as treating a reference amount of expansive soil to achieve a target free swell within 1% ± 1%, while maintaining the same serviceability requirement. The LCA is modelled in SimaPro using Ecoinvent background data, and environmental impacts are assessed using ReCiPe 2016. System boundaries include material production, transportation, and on-site operations, and additionally cover excavation, hauling, and disposal for the soil replacement option. Scenario and sensitivity analyses examine the influence of transport distances, cement production technology assumptions, project length, and stabilized layer thickness. It is expected that the FA–zeolite blended option will show lower overall environmental impacts than the conventional
alternatives, particularly because FA is a waste-derived material that can reduce the need for high-impact virgin binders.
